Ribbon-feeding mechanism for duplicating-machines.



C. E. ADAMSON. RIBBON FEEDING MECHANISM FOR DUPLICATING MACHINES.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 2. 1913. RENEWED JAN. 24,1916.

Patented Sept. 19, 1916.

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APPLICATION FILED MAY 2. I913. RENEWED JAN. 24,1916.

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APPLICATION FILED, MAY 2, 1913- RENEWED JAN. 24- 1916. I

Patented Sept. 19, 1916.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES E. ADAMSON, OF DERBY, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO ADDRESSOGRAPH COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

RIBBON-FEEDING MECHANISM FOR DUPLICATING-MACI-IINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 19, 1916.

Application filed May 2, 1913, Serial No. 764,976. Renewed January 24, 1916. Serial No. 74,015.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, CHARLES E. ADAMSON,

a citizen of the United States, residing at Derby, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented new and useful Improvements in Ribbon-Feeding Mechanism for Duplicating-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention, relates to ribbon feeding mechanism for duplicating machines and more' particularly to that type of machine designed for imitating typewritten letters in quantities from a single type form adapted to have its printing surface reproduced through an inked ribbon.

In machines of this kind the method usually employed is to wind the ribbon from one roll or spool onto another and by means of the mechanisms now employed the amount of rotation of the take-up roll or spool is always the same preparatory to printing a new sheet. Consequently, as the ribbon becomes wound upon the take-up roll or spool the size of the roll or spool with that portion of the ribbon wound thereon becomes gradually enlarged in diameter so that with each movement of the roll or spool increasing portions in length of the .ribbon arepassed over the type form, thus feeding the ribbon unevenly over the form and causing the sheets of paper being printed to run from light to dark impressions on a single job. In other words, such uneven rotation of the take-up roll causes uneven feeding of the ribbon which results in. imperfect impressions being taken from the ribbon-covered type form; consequently, when the impression is perfect at the beginning of operations it becomes imperfect by reason of being too heavy or too light later during the operation of the machine, depending upon the amount of ribbon onthe take-up roll when starting operation and whether or not reverse movement of the ribbon is necessary during such operations. Regardless of the amount of ribbon on the take-up roll and the necessity for reversing the direction of travel of the ribbon when commencing operation on a job requiring a number of impressions, if the impression 'is adjusted to perfection at commencement of operations,

it will vary by reason of the uneven feeding of the ribbon over the printing form due to the equal intermittent movements of the takerup roll. I

The primary object of my invention is to overcome the objections above noted and to .this end I employ means serving to rotate the take-up roll intermittently and in degrees proportionate to the gradually increasing lengths of the ribbon being wound upon the gradually increasing diameter of the take-up roll with its ribbon thereon during each complete revolution of the roll.

Other objects of my invention are to provide a. ribbonfeeding mechanism which can be easily and conveniently reversed, and to provide means whereby the ribbon may beretained in an immovable position over the type form so that the machine may be continued in operation without feeding the ribbon; this being desirable when, for instance, the quantity of paper provided for printing becomes exhausted or when for any other reason the operator does not place paper on the ribbon covered printing form, it of course being understood that suit-able means is provided to move the impression element out of contact so that during the times of its traversing the ribbon-covered type form without a sheet of paper being placed upon the form it will not become smudged'by contact with the ribbon.

IVith these and other objects in view my 7 in the subjoined claims.

In the drawings, Figure l is a top plan view of a printing or duplicating machine such as my improved ribbon feeding mechanism may be applied to, the inking ribbon being shown broken away to better illustrate the printing form beneath, and the machine being merely representative of'that class of machines to which my invention is applicable. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section taken on line o-o, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an inverted view of the machine without the stand or support shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is an enlarged side elevation of one end of the machine prop er showingthe side members broken away to better illustrate a portion of the feeding mechanism in rear thereof.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged longitudinal section" taken on line ww, Fig. 1, parts of the impression carriage being omitted for convenience' Fig. 6 is an enlarged transverse section taken on line ma2, Fig. 2, the ribbon roll or spool being omitted. Fig. 7 is a transverse section taken on line g z Fig. 2. Fig. 8 is a detached perspective view of one end of the frame with the Weighted oscillating feeding arm pivoted thereto and the regulator bar connected therewith. Fig. 9 is a transverse section taken on line 22, Fig. 2.

Referring now to the drawings in detail, like numerals of reference refer to like parts in the several figures.

l0 designates a stand or support upon which the machine proper is supported, the stand or support herein shown being constructed of wood and having a casting 11 at its upper edge at each of its four corners to receive the legs 12 of the frame. The frame comprises side members 13 from which the legs 12 depend and the type bed 14 bridging the space between said side members. At each end the type-bed 14 has a transverse rib 15 and a. similar rib 16 is provided at an intermediate point.

Placed upon the type-bed 14 is a typechase 17 in which the type-form 18 is held, said form being of individual assembled type, zinc etchings, or any other objects or devices capableof permitting an impression to be obtained therefrom. The frame has guide bars 19 at the upper edges of its side members for the purpose of guiding a traveling carrier or carriage 20, which carrier in the particular form of machine shown, has opposite ends of sprocket chains 21 or other suitable flexible operating elements attached thereto, said chains passing around wheels 22-arranged in pairs on shafts 23, 24 journaled in the frame .at opposite ends thereof, the shaft 23 being asingle shaft arranged at one end of the frame and the shafts 24 being stub-shafts at the other end.

In the drawings I have shown a flat bed for the printing form, but it is clear that any other form of bed may be used, and while the chains 21 employed are so attached to the traveling carrier or carriage 20 that upon operated they cause said carrier or carriage to reciprocate with reference to the type form it will be apparent that my improved ribbon feeding mechanism will be applicable to duplicating or printing machines in which the carrier may travel in other than a -reciprocating manner. Mounted for rotation in said carrier or carriage is an impression roller 25 which is adapted to travel in contact with an inked ribbon 26 lying in contact with the type-form and adapted to be moved intermittently thereover so as to at all times present a newprinting surface to the characters constituting the type-form. This inked ribbon is wound upon a rotatable roll or spool 27 and adapted to be unwound therefrom and be wound upon a rotatable roll or spool 28.

For the purpose of moving the inked ribbon over the type-form, feeding mechanism is employed to cause the ribbon to be wound upon one spool while the other allows the ribbon to become unwound therefrom. As shown in Fig. 2, the roll or spool 28 acts as the take-up roll since the ribbon, upon operation of the machine, travels in the direction of the arrow marked A, but when the ribbon travels in the opposite direction, the roll or spool 27 becomes the take-up roll.

The impression carrier or carriage 20 may be operated in any suitable manner, but I have shown a main driving shaft 29 arranged transversely and journaled in hangers 30 depending from the side members 13 of the frame, said shaft having at one end a belt pulley 31 and also a. handle 32 wherebyit may be rotated to cause actuation of the machine. WVhen it is desired to actuate the machine by means of power, it may be driven by means of any suitable motor from which power may be imparted to the pulley 31 with a suitable belt or in any other manner. Atthe opposite end of the main driving shaft 29 is a pinion 33 which rotates in mesh with an internal gear 34 secured to a transverse shaft 35 also journaled in the side members 13 of the frame. A pitman 36 has oneof its ends secured eccentrically to the exterior surface of said internal gear by means of a wrist pin 37, the opposite end of said pitman being pivotally secured to mechanism intervening therebetween and the one piece shaft 23 so as to rotate the same,

and as this forms no part of the present invention it is not thought necessary to illusvpression roller 25, by suitable mechanism forming no part of my present invention, is caused to be moved into contact with the ribbon-covered type-form having a sheet of paper placed thereon when said carrier or carriage moves in one direction and to cause said impression roller to be moved out of contact with said ribbon-covered type-form when moving said carrier or carriage in its opposite direction. In other words, during the movement of the carrier or carriage 20 in one direction the lmpression roller 25 is in printing position, while when the carrier moves in an opposite direction said impression roller is out of printing position. Suitable paper delivering mechanism, such as is indicated at 38 may be provided to remove the printed sheets from the machine while the impression roller is traveling out of bers 39, 40, one of said members for eachspool being secured to a rotatable spindle 41 journaled in one side member 13 of the frame, and the other forming part of a rod 42 passing through the other side member of said frame, said rod having a stop nut or collar 43 secured to its outer end and bearing against the exterior face of the frame. Surrounding each of said last-mentioned rods is a coil spring 44 bearing With one end against the socket 40 and with its-other end against the interior face of the adjacent side member 13, thus holding said rod 42 in its innermost position. The rods 42 may be drawn outward against the action of the springs 44 to permit the ready insertion of the ribbon spools or rolls thereinto or their removal therefrom. Each socket 39 has a pin 45 arranged transversely therein which is adapted to fit in a kerf formed at the opposite end of the roll or spool so that the latter will be compelled to rotate with the shaft or spindle 41 but it is free to rotate within the socket member 40' of the rod 42. The shaft or sp'ndle 41 with its socket member and the ro 42 with its socket member serve as a pair of supports for the roll or spool, and a pair of these are arranged at each end of the frame.

Secured to each of the shafts or spindles 41 is a ratchet wheel 46, and a feeder in the form of a weighted arm is loosely mounted on each of said shafts and is adapted to be actuated by some traveling part or member of the machine-and in turn cause actuation of the shaft 41, which latter, through its socket member, causes rotation of the ribbon rol'lfior spool supported therein. For the purpose of causing actua-.

tion of the shafts 41, each of the feeders 50 ed arm 54 arranged at an angle t'o =thearm 52 and constructed so that its weight serves 5 to maintain the arm.=5,2 in substantially vertical position, as best shown in Fig. 4. Each of the feeders may therefore be said to consist of a weighted oscillating arm. Each of these Weighted oscillating arms has a dog 55 pivotally secured thereto whose actuating end 56 is adapted to engage the teeth of its cooperating ratchet wheel, said dog being normally held in engagement with said ratchet wheel by means of an expansion spring 57 interposed'between it and the arm 54 of the feeder. As shown in dotted lines in Fig. 4, the upper end of the weighted oscillating arm at one end of the machine is v I in the path of a lug or ear 58 on the carrier or carriage and some other portion of. a traveling part of the machine is adapted to engage in a like manner the weighted oscillating arm at the opposite end of the machine, so that when the carrier or carriagev moves in one direction and approaches the end of its movement in such direction, the lug 58 or other similar acting part of the machine engages the beveled end of the firstmentioned oscillating arm and causes the same to swing through an arc of a circle, thereby elevating the weighted arm 54 and causing the dog 55 to rotate its coiiperating ratchet wheel 46. The latter, by reason of its being secured to the shaft or spindle 41 having the socket member 39 thereon, compels the cotiperating ribbon roll-or spool to be rotated, thus winding up the ribbon. It is to be noted that when one of the ribbon spools. is being wound up by one of the feeders 50, the other feeder at theopposite end of the machine is inactive, that is to say, it is moved out'of the path of the part adapted to actuate it.

Inorder to prevent retrograde movement of each of the ratchet wheels a spring dog 59 is secured to the bed 14 of the frame, as at adjacent rib 15 on the type-bed, as at 63, and

has a short extension 64 beyond its pivotal point which is adapted to come in contact with the underside of the type-bed when the opposite side of the lever is in its lowermost posit-ion. Each of these levers has a laterally extending arm 65 which is adapted to project outward therefrom and lie in contact with that portion of the inked ribbon wound around the roll or spool, the arm 65 being arranged near that end of the lever adjacent its cotiperating feeder. By reason of the arm 65 lying in contact with the inked ribbon wound about the ribbon roll or spool,

the position of the controlling lever is, -governed thereby and as the ribbon roll or spool at one end of the machine is being rotated and an increasing portion of the ribbon becomes wound around it, the arm 65 is elevated, which in turn causes the actuating end of the controlling lever to be elevated and through its'action upon the pin 60 the Weighted arm 5i of the feeder is elevated. This action causes the arm 52 to be swung at a greater inclination, which is always in proportion to the position of the arm 65 controlled by the number of convolutions of the inked ribbon about its spool. The greater the inclination of the arm 52 the later in the actuation of the impression carrier or carriage will the part 58 thereof engage said arm, consequently, the extent of movement of the arm 52 is diminished in exact proportions to the increased quantity of the ribbon wound about the ribbon roll or spool so that substantially the same amount of feed will be imparted to the ribbon regardless of the increasing diameter of the ribbon-covered roll or spool.

As shown in the drawings, the feeders are arranged at diagonally opposite corners of the type-bed, one feeder being employed for each ribbon spool, and while I have described the construction and actuation of one feeder it will suffice for the other, as both are alike with the exception that the weighted arm 54: of one of the feeders has an outwardly-directed pin 66 secured thereto, best shown in Figs. 3 and 4, which is adapted to be engaged by an arm 67 secured to a rock-shaft 68 arranged transversely underneath the frame of the machine one side member of said frame having a depending portion 69 formed thereon and the other-having a bearing 70 secured thereto, in which are journaled the end portions of the shaft 68. At one end of the shaft is an actuating lever 71 having a handle 72 for conveniently manipulating the same, and

adapted for cooperation with said actuating lever is a plate or other retaining device 73 which is secured to the adjacent side member 13, said plate having its ends converging toward the axis of the shaft 68 and adapted to be engaged by said actuating lever.

As shown in Fig. 4, said lever engages one end of the plate 73, thus being held in one of its two inclined positions. lVhen in this position it has rocked the shaft 68 to bring the arm 67 thereof in contact with the pin 6(3'of the adjacent feeder" and caused the weighted arm of the latter to be elevated and the acting arm thereof to be lowered out of the path of the part adapted to cause actuation of the same. It will be noticed that by reason of the weighted arm 54- of the feeder being elevated, the heel 74 of the dog is caused to engage the underside of the bed plate, or itmay be arranged to engage some other fixed part of the machine, such engagement resulting in compressing the spring 57 and raising the acting end of the dog out of engagement with the teeth of the cooperating ratchet wheel 46. At the same time the acting end of said dog is brought in engagement with the under face of the spring pawl 59 to disengage the latter from the ratchet wheel, thus leaving the ratchet wheel and its cooperating ribbon spool free to rotate. This position of the parts is brought about when the ribbon is fully wound upon the adjacent ribbon spool, and when the parts of the feeder at one end of the machine are in such position, the feeder at the opposite end of the machine is set for actuation. For this purpose the shaft 68 has an arm 75 extending therefrom to which is secured one end of a chain 76 which has its other end secured to the weighted arm of the feeder at said opposite end of the machine, as at 77. When the arm 75 is swung inthe position shown in Fig. 4 said chain is loosened sufficiently to permit the weighted arm of the feeder to gravitate and throw the acting arm into the path of the contacting part 58 on the impression carrier or carriage and, conse quently, with each complete reciprocating movement of said carrier or carriage the feeder is actuated until the entire ribbon is unrolled from the roll at the opposite end and wound upon the roll actuated by said feeder. It will then be found necessary to swing the actuating lever 71 from the position shown in full lines in Fig. 4 to that shown-'in dotted lines, thus bringing said lever in contact with the opposite end of the plate 73. This swings the arm 67 out of contact with the pin 66 on the feeder and allows the latter to assume its acting potition. At the same time the arm 75 is swungto the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 4 and has drawn upon the chain 76 so as to elevate the weighted arm of the feeder at the opposite end of the machine, thereby causing the feeder at the adjacent end of themachine to be depressed so as to assume a position out of the path of the lug part 58 on the carrier or carriage.

lVhen it is found desirable to permit the machine to continue operation without feeding the ribbon over the type-form, a lever 78 which may be pivotally secured to the support 10 may be elevated. This lever is normally held in depressed position by engaging a tooth on a retainer bar 79 secured to said support. Pivotally secured to said lever with one end is a rod 80 having its other end pivotally connected to one end of a bell-crank lever 81 which is pivotally secured, asiat 82, to one of the side members of the frame. The other arm of said bellcrank lever is secured to a rod 83 arranged lengthwise and extending underneath the type-bed, said last-mentioned rod having pivotal connection with a centrally pivoted lever Sl at one end thereof, said lever having said end connected with one end of a retractile spring 85 whose other,end is connected to the rock shaft (58 and, consequently, serves to hold said centrally pivoted lever in position shown in dotted lines in end being attached to the weighted arm of the feeder on the same side of the machine, thus when the lever 7 8 is released from its retainer plate, the spring, while drawing the centrally pivoted lever 84 into the posi tion shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3, also serves to draw the chain 87 taut, thereby moving said feeder into idle position. The feeder at the opposite side of the machine has one end of a chain 89 secured thereto, Whose other end is secured to the opposite end of the centrally pivoted lever 84, thus when said lever is actuated by the spring 85 the chain 89 is drawn taut, but such action of the chain does not necessarily move the cooperating feeder into idle position since, as the parts are shown, it has been in idle position owing to the feeder at the opposite end being in acting position, but in the event of said latter feeder being in idle position and the othergbeingin acting position the chain 89 will cause the last-mentioned feederto be moved into idle position by reason of the weighted arm of said feeder assuming a lower position than when said feeder is idle.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is,-

1. In a duplicating machine, the combination of rotatable spools to which the ends of a ribbon are secured and which ribbon is unwound from one spool and adapted to be wound upon the other, a weighted oscillating feeder arm having its axis coincident with that of said other spool, a ratchet wheel having its axis coincident with the axes of said lastmentioned spool and said -weighted oscillating feeder arm, a dog carried by said weighted oscillating feeder arm and adapted to engage said ratchet wheel, means to preventfretrograde movement of said ratchet wheel. andmeans controlled i by the winding up of the ribbon upon said last-mentioned spool to regulate the position of said oscillating feeder arm whereby the extent of rotation of said last-mentioned ribbon spool is governed.

2. In a duplicating machine, the combination of an'inking device comprising spools to which an inked ribbon is secured, said spools being rotatably supported and one end of each spool being secured to a rotatable spindle, a ratchet wheel secured to each of said spindles, a weighted oscillating arm swinging on said spindle, a dog secured to said weighted arm and adapted to coact with said ratchet wheel, a controlling lever pivotally secured and having a portion lying in contact with the ribbon wound upon the adjacent spool so as to cause gradual movement of said controlling lever, and a connection between said controlling lever and said oscillating arm to cause the latter to be positioned in accordance with the gradually changing position of said controlling lever and thus cause diminished movements of said oscillating arm;

3. In a duplicating machine, the combination of an inkingv device comprising a spool at each end of the machine to Which a ribbon is secured, said ribbon being wound upon one-of said-spools and adapted to be unwound therefrom and wound upon the other, a weighted feeder arm for each spool to actuate the same, a transversely-disposed lever pivotally secured between its ends to said frame, a chain connecting each end of said transversely-disposed lever with one of said feeder arms, a spring serving to retain said transversely-disposed lever in a certain position, and means for moving said last-' mentioned lever into another position against the action of said spring, for the purpose described.

4. In a duplicatingmachine, the combination of an inking device comprising a ribbon spool at each end of the machine, a feeding device to rotate each of said ribbon spools, a transversely-disposed lever pivotally secured between its ends to said machine, flexible connection between opposite ends of said lever and opposite feeding devices, a spring tendingato hold said lever at the end of its movement in one direction, means for retaining said lever at the end of its movement in its other direction against the action of said spring, a rock shaft journaled transversely in said frame and having an actuating lever, means engaged by said actuating lever to retain said rock-shaft in one of its positions, an arm secured to said rock-shaft and engaging one of said feeding devicesto hold the same in inactive position when said rock-shaft is rocked in one direction,.a second arm secured to said rockshaft, and a flexible connection between said second arm and the other feeding device and serving to hold the latter ininactive position when said rock-shaft is rocked in its other direction.

5. In a duplicating machine, the combination of a ribbon spool at each end of the machine having a ribbonarranged to be unwound from one spool and wound onto the other, rotatable spindles at opposite ends of the frame to which said ribbon spools are attached to rotate therewith,-a ratchet wheel secured to each of said rotatable spindles, a feeder arm loosely mounted on each spindle and having a weighted extension, a dog pivotally secured to each of said weighted extensions and engaging the adjacent ratchet wheels, a spring interposed between each dog and its supporting weighted extension, means to cause each of said feeder arms to be swung out of acting position and the weighted extensions thereof to be swung upwardly whereby the dogs are engaged by the machine and the acting ends thereof disengaged fromv said ratchet wheels, and 'a detent pawl extending over the acting end of each dog and adapted to be engaged by the latter to cause its disengagement from said ratchet wheel.

6. In a duplicating machine, the combination of ribbon feeding mechanism comprising a pair of spools upon which a ribbon is wound and means for rotating one of said spools, including a pivoted lever normally biased in one direction, means disposed in the path of said lever and engaging the ribbon on said spool to variably limit the movement of said lever in said direction, adriving connection between said lever and spool, and means for actuating said lever to move it'in the opposite direction.

7. In a duplicating machine, the combination of ribbon feeding means comprising a pair of spools upon which a ribbon is wound and means for rotating one of said spools, including a pivoted weighted lever, means disposed in the path of said lever and engaging the ribbon on said spool to variably limit the movement' of said lever in one direction, a driving connection between said lever and spool, and means for actuating said lever to move it in the opposite direction.

8. In a duplicating machine, the combination of ribbon feeding means comprising a pair of spools upon which a ribbon is wound and means for rotating one of said spools, including a pivoted weighted lever, a pivoted member provided with means to engage the ribbon on said spool and having an end disposed in the path of said lever to variably limit the movement thereof in one direction, a driving connection between said lever and spool, and means for actuating said lever to move it in the opposite direction.

9. In a duplicating machine, the combi nation of ribbon feeding means comprising a pair of spools upon. which a ribbon is wound and means for rotatingone of said spools, including a pivoted'weighted lever, means disposed in the path of;- said lever and engaging the ribbon on said spool to variably limit the movement of said lever in one direction, a ratchet wheel connected to said spool, a dog on said lever adapted to engage said ratchet wheel, and means for actuating said lever to move it in the opposite direction.

lQ. In a duplicating machine, an inking device comprising a pair of spools, su-pporting a ribbon attached to said spools and adapted to be unwound from one and wound upon the other, an oscillatory feeder arm normally biased in one direction, and means engaging the ribbon on one of said spools and disposed in the pathof'said arm to variably limit'its movement in said direction, said arm being adapted to actuate said spool by its movement in the opposite direction.

11. In a duplicating machine, the combination of rotatable spools to which the ends of a ribbon are secured, a weighted oscillatory feeder arm, a ratchet wheel operatively connected to one of said spools and having its axis coincident with the axis of said spool, a dog on said feeder arm adapted to engage said ratchet, means to prevent retrograde movement of said ratchet wheel, means disposed in the path of said feeder arm and engaging the ribbon on said spool to variably limit the movement of said feeder arm in one direction, and means to move said feeder arm in the opposite direction.

12. In a duplicating machine, the. combination of rotatable spools to which the ends of a ribbon are secured, an oscillatory feeder arm h'avi ng its axis coincident with the axis of one of said spools, a ratchet wheel operatively connected to said spool, a dog on' said feeder arm adapted to engage said ratchet wheel, a pivoted member disposed in the path of said arm and engaging the ribbon on said spool to variably limit the movement of said arm in one direction, and means for moving said arm in the opposite direc- 13. In a duplicating machine, the combination of rotatable spools to which the ends of a ribbon are secured, an oscillatory feeder arm operatively connected to, one of said spools and having its axis coincident with the axis of said spool, means for actuating said feeder arm to move it in one direction, and independent means engaging the ribbon on said spool to variably limit the movement of said feeder arm in the opposite directlon.

, 14:. In' a duplicating machine, the combi nation with a frame, of an inking device comprising spools at each end of said frame to which a ribbon is secured, an oscillatory feeder arm for each spool, means for actuating said feeder arms, a transversely disposed lever pivotally secured between its ends to said frame, means connecting one of said feeder arms to each endnation with a frame, of aninking device comprising spools at each end of said frame to which a ribbon is secured, an oscillatory feeder arm for each spool, means for actuating said feeder arms, a transversely disposed lever pivotally secured between its ends to said frame, means connecting one of said feeder arms to each end of said lever, a spring to retain said lever in a predeter- 5 mined position, and means for moving said lever to another position against the action of said spring. v

In testimony whereof I have aflixed 'my signature in the presence of two subscribing 20 witnesses.

CHARLES E. ADAMSON.

Witnesses:

EMIL NEUHART, JACOB OBERs'r, Jr. 

